What Is the Communion of Saints?

The communion of saints is one of the most beautiful and most neglected truths of the Christian faith, confessed in the Apostles' Creed but often misunderstood. It does not refer to prayers to dead saints or Marian intercession — practices that have no biblical foundation. Rather, it describes the spiritual union and mutual fellowship that all believers share through their common union with Christ. The phrase translates the Latin communio sanctorum, which can mean either 'communion of holy persons' or 'sharing in holy things.' Both are true and intertwined. Believers share holy things — the gospel, the sacraments, the Spirit, and the promises. And they share these things as holy persons — a communion of those set apart by God's grace. The biblical basis is extensive. Paul told the Corinthians that 'by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit.' This one body transcends every human division — race, class, nationality, gender, and denomination. The church is one body with many members, each needing the others. The communion of saints includes several dimensions. First, mutual love and encouragement. Believers are commanded to 'consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works,' to 'exhort one another daily,' and to 'bear one another's burdens.' Second, mutual prayer. Paul constantly asked churches to pray for him, and he prayed for them. The prayer of the righteous avails much, and the church's intercession is a powerful weapon. Third, mutual sharing of resources. The Jerusalem church held all things in common. Paul collected offerings from Gentile churches for the poor saints in Jerusalem, demonstrating that the communion of saints includes material care. Fourth, shared suffering and joy. 'If one member suffer, all the members suffer with it; or if one member be honoured, all the members rejoice with it.' The martyrdom of persecuted believers grieves the whole body; the conversion of a sinner delights it. Fifth, shared inheritance. Believers are 'heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ.' Every saint shares in the same promises, the same hope, and the same future glory. The communion of saints extends across time as well as space. Believers today are united with Abraham, Moses, David, Paul, and every saint who has ever trusted Christ. Hebrews 12 describes the church as surrounded by a 'great cloud of witnesses' — the faithful of past ages who cheer on present-day runners. The communion of saints is not an abstract doctrine but a practical reality. It means that no believer is ever alone, that the church is a family, and that our lives are intertwined in ways we cannot fully comprehend. It compels us to care for one another, pray for one another, and rejoice that we are part of something far larger than ourselves — the body of Christ, which is the communion of the saints.