What Is the Church in the Bible?

The Greek word ekklesia, translated 'church,' means 'called-out ones' — an assembly of people summoned for a purpose. In the New Testament, the church is not a building or an institution but the people of God redeemed by Jesus Christ. It has both a universal aspect (all believers in all ages and places, the body and bride of Christ) and a local expression (specific congregations meeting in particular locations). The church was established by Christ during His earthly ministry, purchased with His blood, and inaugurated on the Day of Pentecost when the Holy Spirit came upon the assembled believers. The church is described by many metaphors: the body of Christ (emphasizing unity and interdependence), the bride of Christ (emphasizing love and devotion), a temple (emphasizing the Spirit's indwelling), a family (emphasizing relationships), and a flock (emphasizing the Shepherd's care). The church's mission is to glorify God by evangelizing the lost, edifying believers through the Word, and expressing worship. Christ gave the church two ordinances: baptism and the Lord's Supper. He also established leadership through elders and deacons. The church is both visible (consisting of those who profess faith and are baptized) and invisible (consisting only of true believers known to God). While local churches may be imperfect and composed of sinners, the church universal is ultimately glorious, being prepared by Christ to be presented to Himself 'a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing.' Believers are called to love the church, serve in it, and live as its witnesses in the world.