What Is Sola Fide?

Sola Fide is a Latin phrase meaning 'faith alone.' It is one of the five solas of the Protestant Reformation and expresses the biblical teaching that a person is justified before God solely through faith in Jesus Christ, not by their own works or merit. The Reformers did not invent this doctrine; they recovered it from Scripture. The apostle Paul declares, 'Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law.' He also wrote, 'For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast.' The key question at the heart of Sola Fide is: How can a sinful human being stand before a holy God? The Roman Catholic Church of the Middle Ages taught that justification required faith plus works — sacraments, penance, and merits. The Reformers insisted that this was a fundamental distortion of the gospel. Faith alone receives what Christ alone accomplished. Faith is not a work that earns salvation; it is the empty hand that receives the gift. Martin Luther called justification by faith 'the article by which the church stands or falls.' If this doctrine is lost, the gospel is lost. However, Sola Fide does not mean that faith is alone in the sense of being isolated. True faith inevitably produces good works. James asks, 'Can faith save him?' and answers that faith without works is dead. The Reformers fully agreed. They distinguished between justification (being declared righteous before God) and sanctification (being made righteous in life). Justification is by faith alone; sanctification produces the fruit of that faith. As Luther put it, 'We are saved by faith alone, but the faith that saves is never alone.' Sola Fide preserves the gospel's grace. If salvation required our contribution, grace would no longer be grace. But because Christ has done all, we can rest entirely in Him.