Who Was Hobab in the Bible?

Hobab is mentioned in Numbers 10:29 as 'the son of Raguel [Reuel] the Midianite, Moses' father in law.' He is identified as Moses' brother-in-law, suggesting he was the brother of Zipporah. Some scholars identify Hobab with Jethro himself, since both are called sons of Reuel and fathers-in-law of Moses. But the text in Judges 1:16 says the Kenites, descendants of Hobab, 'dwelt among the people of Judah,' which fits better with Hobab as a separate person from Jethro. When Israel was about to leave Sinai for Canaan, Moses said to Hobab, 'We are journeying unto the place of which the LORD said, I will give it you: come thou with us, and we will do thee good: for the LORD hath spoken good concerning Israel.' Hobab initially refused: 'I will not go; but I will depart to mine own land, and to my kindred.' Moses persisted: 'Leave us not, I pray thee; forasmuch as thou knowest how we are to encamp in the wilderness, and thou mayest be to us instead of eyes.' Hobab's knowledge of the wilderness — where to find water, pasture, and safe routes — would be invaluable for Israel's journey. Whether Hobab ultimately agreed is not explicitly stated in Numbers, but Judges 1:16 indicates that the Kenites did settle in Judah, suggesting that he or his family joined Israel. Hobab's story illustrates that God uses practical skills and local knowledge as well as miraculous guidance. Moses, the great prophet who spoke with God face to face, still needed a wilderness guide. Divine leadership does not eliminate the need for human expertise. Hobab also represents the Gentiles who attached themselves to Israel and shared in its blessings. Like Rahab and Ruth, he and his descendants found a place among God's people through association and service.