Who Was Ephraim in the Bible?

Ephraim was the second son of Joseph, born in Egypt to Asenath, daughter of Potipherah the priest of On. His name means 'fruitful' or 'doubly fruitful,' reflecting Joseph's statement: 'God hath caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction.' When Joseph brought his two sons to his dying father Jacob for blessing, Jacob deliberately crossed his hands, placing his right hand on Ephraim the younger and his left on Manasseh the older. When Joseph tried to correct him, Jacob refused: 'I know it, my son, I know it: he also shall become a people, and he also shall be great: but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations.' Jacob prophesied that Ephraim's descendants would become 'a multitude of nations' and that his seed would fill the nations. This blessing was fulfilled in Israel's history. The tribe of Ephraim became the most prominent tribe in the northern kingdom after the division. Joshua, the great conqueror of Canaan, was an Ephraimite. The tabernacle was stationed in Shiloh, in Ephraim's territory. When the kingdom divided, Jeroboam, an Ephraimite, became the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel. However, Ephraim also became associated with pride and apostasy. The prophet Hosea repeatedly condemned Ephraim for its arrogance and idolatry. 'Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he daily increaseth lies and desolation.' 'Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone.' The very tribe that had received the greatest blessing became the leader in spiritual decay. In later prophecy, 'Ephraim' often stands for the northern kingdom or for Israel as a whole. Jeremiah lamented, 'Is Ephraim my dear son? is he a pleasant child? for since I spake against him, I do earnestly remember him still: therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the LORD.' Ephraim's story is a sobering reminder that privilege does not guarantee faithfulness. The most blessed can become the most rebellious. But it is also a testimony to God's enduring mercy, which pursues even those who have turned away.