What Does the Bible Say About Polygamy — In Biblical Context

The Biblical Context

To understand what the Bible says about polygamy, one must distinguish between what God permitted in certain historical periods and what He designed and commands. From the very beginning, God's intent for marriage was singular and exclusive. Genesis 2:24 declares: 'Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.' Note the singular — 'his wife,' not 'his wives.' This pattern of one man united to one woman was established in the garden before sin entered the world. Christ appealed directly to this creational design when confronted about divorce, saying in Matthew 19:4-6: 'Have ye not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female, And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.' The use of 'twain' — two — is deliberate and definitive. Scripture records that many patriarchs practiced polygamy: Abraham, Jacob, David, and Solomon among them. Yet without exception, Scripture also records the sorrow, jealousy, and family dysfunction that followed. God's law for Israel's kings specifically prohibited polygamy in Deuteronomy 17:17: 'Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away.' Solomon's many wives turned his heart after other gods — a cautionary tale for all generations. The New Testament norm for leaders in the church is to be 'the husband of one wife,' confirming that monogamy is the standard of Christian faithfulness.

Where It Sits in Scripture

Supporting Passages