What Is Sin According to the Bible — In Biblical Context

The Biblical Context

The Bible uses several words for sin, each revealing a different aspect. The most common Hebrew word (chata) and Greek word (hamartia) both mean 'to miss the mark' — like an archer's arrow falling short of the target. Romans 3:23 summarizes: 'For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God.' Sin is not merely breaking rules; it is falling short of God's perfect character. Sin entered the world through Adam's disobedience (Romans 5:12) and infected all of humanity. It manifests in many forms: transgression (willful violation of God's law), iniquity (moral perversion), and trespass (crossing a boundary). 1 John 3:4 defines it as 'transgression of the law,' while James 4:17 adds, 'to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin.' Sin is not only doing wrong but failing to do right. Its consequences are severe — spiritual death and separation from God — but its remedy is the cross of Jesus Christ.

Where It Sits in Scripture

Supporting Passages