Kings of Israel — The Northern Kingdom
Nine unstable dynasties — from Jeroboam to Hoshea — ruled the northern kingdom for 209 years until Assyria carried Israel away.
When the kingdom split (1 Kings 12), Jeroboam led ten tribes north and built golden calves at Bethel and Dan. Unlike Judah's stable Davidic line, Israel saw nine dynasties and frequent assassinations. Every king 'did evil in the sight of the LORD,' and Assyria ended the kingdom in 722 BC (2 Kings 17).
Nine Dynasties of the Northern Kingdom (931-722 BC)
- Divided Kingdom (1 Kings 12)1 Kings 12:16-20
- House of JeroboamDynasty 1
- House of BaashaDynasty 2
- House of OmriDynasty 4 — most powerful
- House of JehuDynasty 5 — longest
- House of MenahemDynasty 7
Click any reference to read the chapter (KJV). Highlighted cards mark key promised-line figures.
What Scripture Teaches
- 1Nine dynasties, twenty kings, in only 209 years
- 2Every king did evil in the sight of the LORD (1-2 Kings)
- 3Founded on Jeroboam's golden calves (1 Kings 12:28-30)
- 4Elijah, Elisha, Amos, and Hosea ministered to the north
- 5Assyria deported the ten tribes in 722 BC (2 Kings 17)
- 6Samaria's mixed population became the later Samaritans
Key KJV Scriptures
"Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt."
"In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes."
"For the children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they departed not from them; Until the LORD removed Israel out of his sight, as he had said by all his servants the prophets. So was Israel carried away out of their own land to Assyria unto this day."
"And the LORD said unto him, Call his name Jezreel; for yet a little while, and I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu, and will cause to cease the kingdom of the house of Israel."
Why It Matters
The northern kingdom is the Bible's case study in what idolatry costs a nation. Without a Davidic covenant to anchor it, every dynasty crumbled and the people scattered. God's patience lasted 209 years; His warning still stands.
Application for Today
False worship looks pragmatic at first — Jeroboam's calves were 'convenient.' Read the rest of Kings and watch convenience become catastrophe. Worship as God commanded, not as feels easiest.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did the kingdom split after Solomon?
1 Kings 11 names two reasons: Solomon's idolatry under his foreign wives, and Rehoboam's harshness in refusing to lighten the tax burden (1 Kings 12). God used both to fulfil the judgment foretold to Solomon.
Are any northern kings considered godly?
None. Scripture's verdict is uniform — even Jehu, who destroyed Baal worship, kept Jeroboam's calves (2 Kings 10:29-31). The entire monarchy stood under judgment.
What happened to the ten tribes?
Assyria deported them and resettled foreigners in Samaria (2 Kings 17:24). Many descendants assimilated; a faithful remnant migrated south. The 'lost tribes' speculation goes beyond what Scripture states.
Continue Your Study
Read the full chapters (KJV)
Related genealogies
Genealogy of Jesus Christ (Matthew 1)
Matthew opens the New Testament with the legal royal line of Jesus — Abraham to David, David to the captivity, captivity to Christ.
Sons of Jacob — The Twelve Tribes of Israel
Twelve sons by four mothers became the twelve tribes of Israel — the foundation of the nation through whom Messiah would come.
Kings of Judah — The House of David
From David and Solomon to Zedekiah, the kings of Judah carry God's covenant promise through six centuries to the Babylonian captivity.
Related Reading
Continue your study with related content from across our library:
Jeroboam in the Bible
The King Who Made Israel to Sin
1 Kings Quiz
A journey through the reign of Solomon and the divided kingdom of Israel.
2 Kings Quiz
A journey through the miracles of Elisha and the history of the divided kingdoms
Tirzah in the Bible
A beautiful city that served as the first capital of the northern kingdom of Isr
Rehoboam in the Bible
The King Who Divided Israel
Kingdom (Basileia) (βασιλεία (basileia))
Royal rule and reign — God's sovereign authority actively exercised over all creation.
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